Ancient Kingship and Rulers Essay - 1475 Words

Kings and rulers started to emerge as soon as people moved away from living in tribes. This was the case with the Jews when they have decided to unite under one ruler. However, long before them the first empire was established in Mesopotamia by Sargon of Akkad in 2334 BCE (Kelly, 2011). The essay will compare kingship in three geographically and chronologically different societies. They are the following: Babylonians during Hammurabi’s reign (1792-1750 BCE), Neo-Assyrians (934-610 BCE), and the Jews (1000 BCE). In order to avoid historical distortions, primary sources from those time periods will be used. These three communities have influenced each other in different fields. Therefore, we can see similarities in their ruling systems.†¦show more content†¦According to the Advice to a Prince, gods only could judge and punish the ruler, for example, â€Å"if he (ruler) takes silver†¦ Marduk, lord of Heaven and Earth, will set his foes upon him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sande rs, p.70). Consequently, we can assume that ruler’s power have increased enormously, since no matter what he does (even despotism) is supposed to be controlled by gods. Finally, the kingship in Israel has some differences as Jews are monotheistic. Nonetheless, the Jews believed in god’s involvement in daily life as well. More importantly, god (Yahweh) was believed to decide who the king is and whether he must be changed (Sanders, p.72). This shows some parallels with Assyrians where gods only could judge the ruler. As a result, it is seen that regardless of regions and number of gods (monotheism or polytheism) rulers in ancient times were connected with divine power. In fact, at ancient times rulers often represented the choice of god(s), whereas presently they represent the choice of people. This, I think, led to more fearful and respectful attitude towards rulers due to their divine support. In addition to the connection with the divine power, rulers in ancient world had one very distinct feature. Almost always rulers were men, with very few exceptions. Thus it is clearly seen that people at that time lived in patriarchal society. Moreover, rulers promoted patriarchy implicitly or sometimes even explicitly through their rules. For example, according toShow MoreRelatedKings And Sovereign Rulers : The Dynastic Queen Of The United Kingdom911 Words   |  4 Pagesmonarchs and sovereign rulers, like the dynastic Queen of the United Kingdom, rulers in the ancient Near East rarely served as mere figureheads of governments, consulted solely for ceremonial roles and diplomacy. Though some kings in the ancient Near East inherited their positions, no kings could retain such power in a continuously unstable area without a strong military to protect their holdings and an effective method of ruling the peoples within them. Many kings in the ancient Near East obtainedRead MoreHow Wou ld You Define the Mesopotamian Ideal of Kingship? Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesMesopotamian ideal of kingship? They believed in kingship, and it was an honor for a man by the gods. In contrast with other civilizations such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamians consider a king to be a great man that was selected by the gods to represent them on earth and not divine. A king was expected to keep the gods informed of events in his land and could ask them for advice through the act of worship. This belief was reinforced through the wearing of the divine symbols of kingship, the rod and theRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Style Of Ancient Egypt1351 Words   |  6 Pages FNAR 200 Professor Heer 23 November 2015 KING NARMERS PALETTE The civilization of Ancient Egypt thrived from approximately 3100 bce until 30 bce, when the Roman Empire took control of the province. 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In this epi c, Gilgamesh begins his kingship as an audacious and immature ruler. Exhausted from complaints, the gods send a wild man named Enkidu to become civilized and assist Gilgamesh to mature into a righteous leader. HoweverRead MoreHatshepsut s Alteration Of The Social Norms And Standards Surrounding Women1365 Words   |  6 PagesHatshepsut’s alteration of the social norms and standards surrounding women in her society was the most significant impact of her reign over Ancient Egypt, because it proved that women could be self-sufficient and fully functioning leaders, gave divine legitimacy to their rules, and carved a path for future female rulers throughout the world. The 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt was a chiefly patriarchal society. 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Ultimately, this shows that religion fuels power, and without a strong religious presence the ruler would not have an impactful kingship, which truly benefits the people of his realm. Isin is the last dynasty that is mentioned in the Sumerian King List. Iddin-Dagan was the third king of the first dynasty of Isin. During the twentieth and nineteenth centuries, decentralizingRead MoreRoyal Ideology in Ancient Israel Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pages The ongoing threat of invasion from the Philistines to some extent brought about the conditions for a monarchy within Israel. A line of charismatic Judges protected Israel before the adoption of the kingship. Thus it is evident that the change from a patriarchal, loosely-knit tribal rule to a centralised government with a monarch required much self understanding, a strong stance against anti-monarchical views and tolerance of royal ideology, which had in part to be appropriated from neighbouring

The Cost Of Opportunity Cost - 1108 Words

Opportunity cost can be defined as the price of a substitute that might be forgone in order to pursue an assured action. The forgone cost. Opportunity cost can also be defined as the best forgone alternative in a scenario where a decision had to be made between some many mutually exclusive or inclusive alternatives (Mankiw, 2009). Simply put opportunity cost is what one is missing out when they make a choice. I could be watching a game of European Soccer or watching a rerun episode of Game of Thrones, but I am doing this assignment, that’s the opportunity cost of doing my assignment. Attending a four-year full-time college has its various opportunity costs, but people still end up attending them. College in America is an expensive investment. The average cost of college is an estimate of $30,000 for a student in a private college while it is approximate $8,000 for a student in a public college as a state resident and approximately $22,000 for an out of state student attending a public college. An average student ends up paying $4,000 in tuition fee. Therefore, the cost of college is $4,000 plus the foregone income the student incurred instead of pursuing employment. Say the student could have gotten a job that pays $8,000 per annum. Then the actual cost of the student partaking in a full-time college schedule would be $12,000 i.e. $4,000 of college fee added to the foregone $8,000 income from employment. To some people, the opportunity cost of going to college is far muchShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Opportunity Cost For Opportunity Costs1391 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable resources. Hence, to fulfil one wish, we give up another which in economics is termed as the opportunity costs. 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The Determination of The Logistics Management

Question: Write an essay on the determination of the logistics management. Answer: This report introduces the determination of the logistics management and the core areas such as production, marketing, finance and accounting of an automobile manufacturing company. The name of the manufacturing company is Rolls Royce. The purpose of the report is to create interface and make analysis of their current order cycle and inventory managements effectiveness. The report also states those functional areas through application of logistic concepts. The report also provides recommendations for improvement of the order cycle and inventory management through the help of those logistic theories. The overall aim of the report is to make the logistics management of Rolls Royce to be flexible and improved. Rolls Royce does the manufacturing, engineering and distribution of the luxury automobiles along with their parts throughout the world. The company was established in the year 1906 in Goodwood of United Kingdom (Rolls-roycemotorcars.com, 2016). The company became later the subsidiary of BMW in the year 1998, as they were the premium buyers of the models of Rolls Royce Motors. The company has a vast supply chain management where the total spending is over 4.7 billion pounds. The company has also the optimized design of supply chain along with control and planning, good relationships in supply chain, good management in logistics and purchase execution, good cost and quality management (Chen Kuang, 2013). The management of inventory along with the production, marketing, finance and accounting has a good workflow in the organization. As per the competitive market, there have been few loopholes detected which are needed to be fixed. Such resolution of the loopholes will make the overall supply chain process to be streamlined and it will ensure the beneficial result for the company (Newnes et al., 2013). The supply chain management of Rolls Royce normally makes a delivery of products of high quality to a base of diversified customers. 1. Interfaces of Core Functional Areas of Rolls Royce As per the theory of logistics, in case of stable demand of the cars, if the inventory cost goes high then to maintain the overall cost in a permissible limit, the company has to lower the cost of production. In case of seasonal demand, for pre-order cases, the cost of inventory goes high due to the delay in the logistics process, laydown in production and advance purchase of raw materials (Higgins, 2013). Rolls Royce makes a trade-off in such costs to maintain the overall cost of the system in a permissible limit. Production: In case of production, there is a balancing of economies of long production run that is against high inventory costs. For seasonal demand, seasonal inventorys acceptance is balancing the lead times of production (Laihonen, 2016). The interface of supply side has adequate stocking for ensuring the production of a logistics function. The protective packaging is also done for damage protection along with production through third party logistic provider (Ref?). Rolls Royce has incorporated such practices for aligning their production and logistics. Marketing: The marketing is based on 4Ps where price consists of carrier pricing, matching schedules, volume relationships. It has been seen that transportation rate gets cheaper for larger shipment (Lightfoot, Baines Smart, 2013). How much the product will get sold depends on its packaging as the logistic managers are involved in deciding product traits. The proliferation of product is also a challenge to logistics. Product Luxury vehicles Price Carrier pricing Place Focus on attracting wholesalers and retailers Promotion Develop a balance with push and pull strategies and advertising through social media The logistics also has affection on availability of shelf and stock out chances. Promotion should be made flexible where creating a balance in push and pull strategies and making the product more popular for persuading channel members (Chen Kuang, 2016). In case of place, if the wholesalers are combined with retailers then the size of shipment gets larger making transaction and logistics cost smaller. In case of very large retailers, smaller sales create larger transportation costs (Mabert, Soni, Campbell, 2015). In Rolls Royce, there is a proper coordination between marketing and logistics to make the whole process be streamlined. Accounting and Finance: The finance and accounting department makes sure that all the money is to be invested in correct place considering manufacturing and marketing to be two most important interface of logistics (Moore, 2015). The logistics has significant impact on the companys return on asset and investment. The costs associated are reported by the supply chain performance and trade-offs. Rolls Royce takes the necessary initiatives for the creation of a good coordination between finance accounting with logistics to make the whole business operations to flow in a good rhythm (Naumov Ivanova, 2013). 2. Rolls Royces order cycle management analysis 2.1 Effectiveness and Efficiency of Current Order Processing System at Rolls Royce The order processing system of the company consists of 6 components termed as the transmittal and preparation of order, receipt and entry of order, processing of order, picking and packing of the warehouse, transportation of the order, delivery and unloading of order to the customer. As per the given diagram, a process of order management has been elaborated where initially the customer place an order for a car model of Rolls Royce which gets received by the supplier of the automobile company through logistics team (Newnes et al., 2013). The order is then processed and the required car is been assembled in the car factory. Its then picked and packed in the warehouse from where it is been shipped for dispatch (van der Vliet Fransoo, 2013). Finally, after the shipment, the order is delivered to the customer, who has purchased the car.The overall process is designed in such way that it should not create any hazard in the supply chain starting from customer order placing to order delivery. But, in reality it has been noticed that the order received by the supplier stays in the queue to be processed which leads to process delay and increase in cost of production (Mabert, Soni Campbell, 2012). It has also been noticed that the orders are not been picked and packed in the stipulated time-frame which increases the inventory cost. The shipping department often becomes lethargic in shipping the order to the customer that results to increase of the transportation cost (Ng et al., 2012). Therefore, if all such delays are there then it tends to increase of the overall cost of the supply chain management leading to decrease in the profit margin. Such decrease of the profit can happen in case of stable as well as in seasonal demand. Therefore, the company should replace the professionals who are lethargic and hire qualified professionals at a lesser salary slab (Redmond, Carret Denis, 2014). Those professionals will work in the various segments of the logistics department in a higher pace resulting fast delivery of order. There should be more number of parallel units in the assembling section, which will perform the manufacturing of the multiple orders simultaneously (Naumov Ivanova, 2013). The parallel channels will be developed in the packing and shipping section, which will perform the dispatch faster. Recommendations to Improve Order Processing System The company should purchase innovative apparatus that will make a faster assembling of the systems. The company should segment its logistics team in several groups who will be dedicated to process the order on specified models (Parmer et al., 2014). Such grouping system will develop their knowledge in the nitty gritty and will enhance their expertise to make a better and faster assembling of the ordered cars and their delivery. The company should also adopt an ERP systems which will better integrate the overall manufacturing and logistics flow. Each and every employees of the organization will be trained to operate their respective functionalities in the ERP starting from order receipt to order delivery (Mabert, Soni Campbell, 2015). The information maintained in the database will provide the reports of the overall progress of the business to higher level managers so that they can plan accordingly in case of facing technical hazards (Newnes et al., 2013). The company should also purchase non-fuel transportations to minimize transport cost for order delivery. Analysis of Rolls Royce inventory management system Effectiveness and Efficiency of Inventory Management system at Rolls Royce Rolls Royce is quite flexible in maintaining their inventory which are been produced during the process of manufacturing. The company makes a provision of timely and reliable disposition of the stock materials that makes a recommendation of the modification in the information of stock that is existing. It can make the adjustments on the re-order rules and other opportunities related to cost avoidance (Roy et al., 2013). It makes a utilization of wide range of industry and site information. The company also has an improved inventory management system that can make the identification and removal of the inventory costs treated as unnecessary. As per the logistics theory, the warehouses can be utilized for postponing or delaying of the production through performing the light manufacturing activities. Until the actual demand of the customer is known, the warehouse having a good packaging capability allows the final production to be postponed (Moore, 2015). The processing and the postponing of the systems actually tends to some benefits which includes minimization of risk as the final packaging does not get completed until the specific order or package is received. The benefits also include that the total inventory should be reduced through the usage of the basic products for the labeling variety and configuring packages. Here the usage of the basic products implies that the item should not have to be committed to the customer in the plant of manufacturing (Patil et al., 2014). As the order of the specific customer is been received, the warehouse will make the necessary final processing through addition of the label and making the finalization of packaging. Though Rolls Royce has a good inventory management system but still it has been realized that as the car models are of quite high price, quite beyond the level of affordability of the normal customers, the sales of those cars are not as quick as compared to the other contemporary normal brands (Lightfoot, Baines Smart, 2013). Due to such reason, if preorders are been cancelled after assembling, the number of items in the inventory goes high resulting to increased inventory cost. It therefore requires a larger space for the warehouse to maintain those items. Some inventory products, which are aging for a long time, have the possibility. Recommendations to Improve Inventory Management System The company should adopt strategies such as inventory optimization tools like ERP, real time analytics solutions like SAP, track on essential attributes, leverage mobile devices, etc to reduce the inventory and its carrying costs. It should increase the investment in case of recovery of those inventory items, which may be damaged before shipping. Rolls Royce should incorporate a system, which will track the aging of the products and will contact with the marketing team to push those products to the customers which are kept in the inventory for a prolonged time (Patil et al., 2014). There should be an additional system, which will track the damages occurring in the inventory management system. Such system will indicate the dedicated maintenance engineer to make the necessary recovery of the damaged items. The company should provide unique stock numbers to its dispositions for the identification of the materials that are required and gives an approach to identify the inventory, which are potentially stranded or over-max (Smith, 2013). These recommendations are provided to design the reduction of carrying costs of inventory and ensuring the availability of the material that are based on the demands of current state and future. Conclusion Rolls Royce has been a premium manufacturing company, which has a good logistics team to execute their business process. The company has taken various policies to enhance their overall business process resulting to more sales of their automobiles. But it has been realized so far that there are few technical limitations and loopholes which is creating obstruction in the overall prosperity of the company. It has been discussed in the report that some changes should be incorporated in the order processing and inventory management so that it can reflect streamlined operations in the companys core functional areas such as the production, marketing along with finance and accounting. Such a flow will definitely make the overall logistics process of the company to be more refined in terms of order collection, processing, packing, shipping and delivering. Such process will surely give a bright image for the companys brand. If such process are been followed in the coming days, Rolls Royce will be able to beat its current sales records through increasing the satisfaction level of their customer. The logistics team should have to be more prepared and aware of the latest demands that they will be able to cater the latest trends. References Chen, P., Kuang, M. (2013, July). Implementation of Logistics enterprises Brand Competition Strategy in China. In2nd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2013). Atlantis Press. Higgins, S. (2013). Rolls-Royce: how innovation built a global giant. Laihonen, A. M. (2016). REDUCING RISKS IN THE LETTER OF CREDIT PROCESS-CASE ROLLS-ROYCE OY AB. Lightfoot, H., Baines, T., Smart, P. (2013). The servitization of manufacturing: A systematic literature review of interdependent trends.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(11/12), 1408-1434. Mabert, V. A., Soni, A., Campbell, G. (2015). A Case Study of Pratt and Whitney Aircraft's Commercial Spares Planning.Communications of the IIMA,6(3), 2. Moore, G. (2015, June). Rolls Royce LCS Engine Health Monitoring Big Data Collection and Analysis. InASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition(pp. V001T22A001-V001T22A001). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Naumov, D., Ivanova, Y. (2013). Developing relations on b2b markets: the case of Rolls-Royce Marine as expanding operations on the Russian maritime market. Newnes, L. B., Settanni, E., Thenent, N. E., Green, P. (2013). Estimating the cost of through-life availability. InProceedings of the spring servitization conference (SSC2013). Glasgow Caledonian University, Birmingham(pp. 175-181). Ng, I., Parry, G., Smith, L., Maull, R., Briscoe, G. (2012). Transitioning from a goods-dominant to a service-dominant logic: Visualising the value proposition of Rolls-Royce.Journal of Service Management,23(3), 416-439. Parmar, R., Mackenzie, I., Cohn, D., Gann, D. (2014). The new patterns of innovation.Harvard Business Review,92(1), 2. Patil, S. B., Suryawanshi, V. S., Suryawanshi, D. V., Patil, P. (2014). Integrated ERP System for Improving the Functional efficiency of the organization by Customized Architecture.arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.8515. Redmond, J., Carret, P. L., Denis, J. C. (2014). Equipment Obsolescence Management Program. In40 Annual Meeting of Spanish Nuclear Society, Oct 1-3, 2014, Valencia, Spain. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Home. (2016).Rolls-roycemotorcars.com. Retrieved 10 June 2016, from https://www.rolls-roycemotorcars.com/en-GB/home.html Roy, R., Shaw, A., Erkoyuncu, J. A., Redding, L. (2013). Through-life engineering services.Measurement and Control,46(6), 172-175. Smith, D. J. (2013). Power-by-the-hour: the role of technology in reshaping business strategy at Rolls-Royce.Technology analysis strategic management,25(8), 987-1007. van der Vliet, R. M., Fransoo, J. C. (2013). Supply Chain Finance: A conceptual framework to advance research.Beta Working Paper,418.

Clinical Symptoms of Osychiatric Disorders and Technology

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Symptoms of Osychiatric Disorders and Technology. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the impact of IT on the media industry. Digital based technologies have modified the industries of media for better as well as for worse, however, how this impacts media industry to win the battles or struggles of employees against decreasing wages, layoffs and stress. There are collective actions as well as reaffirmation from various sources where skill plays an important role (Taylor et al., 2014). The discussion is a way to understand that media industry is under so much influence of IT and everything is associated with it. The expectations are infinite which are created by digital-based technology since there is no horizon or no one is waiting to ride or solve issues of media modifications. This is based on the fundamental review of what has taken place in the present so called the digital based revolution in the industry as well as media-based industry (Taylor et al., 2014). The report discussed in detail about the company called Dish Network which is also termed as dish since 2012. The company is a US based direct broadcast satellite-based service providers. The organization also provides the number of services like satellite television, internet access through satellite as well as number of different audio based programming. Also, there are many interactive television-based services for residential as well as commercial users specifically in the US. In the year 2016, the company had managed to provide services to almost fourteen million TV and more than five lakhs broadband subscribers. Presently there is approx sixteen thousand workforce. Headquarter of the company is in Meridian which is located in Colorado (Miller and Skinner, 2015). IT in media industry The primary meaning of bringing digitization has always meant to move away from tools based work. There is audio as well as video based editing which can be done on reporter's desktop or in some cases producer's desktop. The videotape doesn't need any lighting or sound support from technicians. A studio can easily be changed by a big desktop base which is called s Parkervision which required just one switcher and the rest can be easily automated. It is very easy to use digital based tools now, and this led to many sets of expectations on how people function and the job titles are blurring along with job descriptions (Wagner et al., 2014). Then there are editors or other video based journalists at different networks, and it is important to understand that actual job titles have modified with the fact that many employees in the industry are functioning a huge range of technical work in addition to other basic work. For instance, reporters at one press are expected to file report beside s a voice based report for some radio-based clients, and at the same time, many of them shoot video as well. There are some examples where the work is done online, and the development in various online departments has not made up for the major amount of losses for a number of traditional work (Wagner et al., 2014). In last twenty years, technology has modified the manner in which people communicate with one another, and it also changes the way people are using the internet for shopping, research, and most importantly the way business functions. In the present time, technology has become the center of the success of many businesses, and it covers security, as well as marketing and many business operations, also initiate in the current digital based world. The participation of IT is so important in businesses these days in all kinds and sizes of businesses, and it is creating a variety of opportunities. There are just a few ways in the technology that has transformed the face of modern business. Technology has simplified the process of communication, and this has become an important base for the companies especially media based companies. For some businesses, IT is a key for impactful internal as well as external interactions (Trainor et al., 2014). Requirements to apply IT into Dish Network The set of expectation is changing of what people can, in reality, think of in one day. As a wire service provider and broadcasting companies, it is always about a minute or a second. Technology is only making it faster and gone are those days when the deadline times were between 12 noon to 5 evening. In the present time, expectations are set in audio, file and print kind of platforms. It is always about getting the new fast or adopting the technology as soon as possible and also the overall pressure is based on beating the other kind of news or broadcasting services present online (Rosen et al., 2013). Another best example for the same is based on how methods of digitization have provided an infinite capacity for immediacy which comes once again from a number of ways. The workforce has to become agiler in releasing as well as pumping the news for the financial kind of market within few minutes (Boyd, 2014). Dish Network must base this while formulating the strategies, especially when producing live events or shows. Since the being lives on an event is not sudden, and there is also some demand for some extra added color on different social media platform which is rapid. Dish network is a broadcasting company, and it is important for it uses social media in general which has become a powerful tool to link the variety of people in a proper manner. In connection with externally based communication which is discussed above, marketing of many companies is now digitally. Dish Network is all about digitalization and communication is an important part of the company since it helps in many functions like marketing and others. Marketing these days is largely associated with technology which supports various teams to execute and also completely troubleshoot many types of software (Rosen et al., 2013). A very talented team of IT is needed for the success of any marketing plan dependent on technology. The concepts like website management, SEO, social media handling and everything else needs some expertise with the proper knowledge to provide some consulting. The process of success and option is also a simple process by utilizing software that is specifically designed to store marketing based metrics over a period and also this further permits organizations to adapt, plan as well as develop. The process of technology also helps in streamlining the process of decision making within the parameters of business. There are so many methods to keep a proper track of a number of resources like financial or market-based conditions as well as customer satisfaction (Siemens, 2014). With a proper IT based plan, one will have to see the data in the easier manner. This further makes it more convenient for the organization to understand different steps that one takes to make some improvements and a lso reach objectives. Risks of IT in Dish Network The world is moving very fast because of the fast changing technology as well as expanding markets. There are issues of rapid consolidations and various upcoming business based models along with rising demand of consumers. All these issues are taking the main position and generating a lot of turmoil in the media industry, and Dish Network is also in this vicious circle. The industry is moving fast, and when one tries to innovate with the help of technology, it is important to understand the risks one is facing and how a company must handle it (Andriessen et al., 2013). There is also rise in mergers and acquisitions, and private based equity companies brought more speed to the process, and there are some companies that have started to voice the issues and started highlighting the importance of traditional based art and strategy based rationale. These methods are providing a way to have more focused financial kind of engineering. There are a number of methods to maintain as well as monitor IT in Dish Network. Media stories and other issues on various media platforms are the reflections of society, and it plays an important role in uncovering the base for education, promotion as well as dissemination of data. At the same time, media also plays a crucial role in organizations to maintain an ethical based culture. It is important to understand for the company that there are the number of stakeholders from the market as well as non-market culture and one of the most valuable groups of stakeholder for a company is this industry which becomes a crucial part of much non-market culture (Straubhaar et al., 2013). Conclusion The media industry is filled with a number of advanced technology based tools which help in filing as well as reporting the stories from any part of the world. Different platforms help in reaching the audience in no time. In fact, a video can be digitized in no time so all the workforce in a company can access any video anytime and services like Covertly is based on to do the press conference with the help of cyber-based space since there is no longer a requirement to go to any meeting. Therefore, it becomes a big job in itself and it is important to make sure the particular skill set in the work can continue to be more valued. This can also able to fight against the generic based media model where each one of us can do anything about the current situation (Straubhaar et al., 2013). The effect of getting information from any media platform is that it permits companies across the world an informed decision. It helps in deciding the prices level or developing a new product. It is important to be socially responsible company and also use data to decide where one must help the community. Reference Taylor, R.W., Fritsch, E.J. and Liederbach, J., 2014.Digital crime and digital terrorism. Prentice Hall Press. Miller, G.S. and Skinner, D.J., 2015. The evolving disclosure landscape: How changes in technology, the media, and capital markets are affecting disclosure.Journal of Accounting Research,53(2), pp.221-239. Wagner, D., Vollmar, G. and Wagner, H.T., 2014. 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